How to quickly inspect common faults of single-beam bridge cranes

The rapid inspection of common faults in single-beam bridge cranes should start with the four core modules: braking system, mechanical transmission, electrical control, and metal structure. By combining daily inspections with specialized investigations, problems can be efficiently located. The following are the specific inspection steps and key points:

1. Quick check for brake system faults

Typical manifestations include: brake failure, low braking torque, hook/car slipping, brake failure to open, and brake lining heating and smoking.

Inspection steps:

Surface cleanliness inspection:

Inspect the surface of the brake wheel for any oil stains (such as kerosene or lubricating grease residue). If present, clean it with gasoline to restore the friction coefficient.

Wear of tile lining and gap adjustment:

Check whether the brake shoe lining is severely worn (with exposed rivets), and replace it if the wear exceeds the limit;

Measure the clearance between the brake shoe and the brake wheel. If the clearance is too small (leading to continuous friction and heating) or too large (resulting in insufficient braking force), it needs to be adjusted to the standard value (usually 0.5-1mm).

Spring tension detection:

Check whether the main spring is fatigued (with cracks or lacking elasticity), and replace it if the tension is insufficient;

Adjust the tension of the main spring to ensure sufficient braking torque during braking.

Inspection of electromagnet and transmission system:

Check whether the stroke of the electromagnet is adjusted properly, or whether there is any support under the horizontal rod of the long-stroke brake electromagnet (which may cause the brake to fail to open);

Check whether the lever transmission system is blocked (such as the transmission of brake release force being obstructed), and remove any obstructions.

Inspection of hydraulic thruster:

If the brake fails to open, check whether the hydraulic impeller rotates flexibly. If it is stuck, adjust the impeller or replace the hydraulic oil.

II. Quick Inspection of Mechanical Transmission Faults

Typical manifestations: vibration/abnormal noise of the reducer, "three-legged" operation of the trolley, wheel slipping, and rail gnawing of the crane.

Inspection steps:

Inspection of reducer:

Check whether the anchor bolts of the base are loose, and tighten them if necessary;

Check the concentricity of the input/output shafts. If the deviation exceeds the standard (causing vibration), adjustments are necessary;

Inspect the gear meshing condition. If there are defects on the tooth surface (such as pitting, broken teeth), the gear needs to be replaced.

Inspection of trolley operation:

Check the installation accuracy of the wheels. If the axes of the four wheels are not on the same horizontal plane (resulting in "three legs"), adjust the position of the wheels;

Check the elevation difference between the tracks. If the elevation difference between two tracks within the same section is too large (resulting in uneven wheel pressure on the driving wheel), the tracks need to be adjusted.

Wheel slip inspection:

Check the top surface of the track for oil stains, frost, or sand particles, and clean them if necessary;

Check the wheel pressure. If the wheel pressure is insufficient (such as the driving wheel being suspended), adjust the position of the wheel.

Inspection of crane rail gnawing:

Check whether the diameters of the two driving wheels are consistent. If the error exceeds the standard (causing the vehicle body to tilt), replace the wheel;

Check the clearance of the transmission system. If the clearance on both sides differs significantly (leading to asynchronous starting), adjustments are necessary;

Check whether the bridge structure is deformed (leading to diagonal deviation), and if so, rectify the bridge.